Section 232: Steel & Aluminum Duties

The following overview is intended to summarize the most important official information regarding the scope of the steel and aluminum Section 232 duties. It is not exhaustive and does not include some official information including Federal Register notices, Cargo Systems Messaging Service (CSMS) messages, Fact Sheets, FAQs and other relevant information you may need to fully comply with U.S. Customs and Border Protection rules and guidance while importing products subject to tariffs into the United States.

On March 8, 2018, President Trump issued Proclamation 9704, which established a 10% duty on imports of certain aluminum products, and Proclamation 9705, which established a 25% duty on imports of certain steel products. Most of the products subject to duties were raw and semi-finished steel and aluminum products such as flat-rolled steel and aluminum plates sheet and strip, as well as steel and aluminum bars and rods, pipe and tube, and wire.

Links: Proclamation 9704 | Proclamation 9705

On January 24, 2020, President Trump issued Proclamation 9980, which made certain derivative aluminum products listed at Annex I to the proclamation subject to the 10% duty on aluminum products. It also made certain derivative steel products listed at Annex II to the proclamation subject to the 25% duty on steel products. These derivative products included wire and bumper stampings.

Links: Proclamation 9980

On February 10, 2025, President Trump issued Proclamation 10895, which cancelled all previous bilateral agreements and exclusions regarding the Section 232 aluminum duties and increased the tariff rate on aluminum products and derivatives from 10% to 25%, and Proclamation 10896, which canceled all previous bilateral agreements and exclusions regarding the Section 232 steel duties.

These two proclamations made imports of a wide range of additional derivative products subject to duties. Both proclamations clarified that duties only were applicable to the steel or aluminum content of imported articles. For aluminum products, Proclamation 10895 clarified that duties apply to the aluminum content of derivative articles, but not to derivative aluminum articles processed in another country from aluminum articles that were smelted and cast in the United States.

Links: Proclamation 10895 | Proclamation 10896

On March 5, 2025, the Bureau of Industry and Security at the U.S. Department of Commerce (BIS) published two notices in the Federal Register implementing Proclamations 10895 and 10896 by updating notes to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States. These updated notes include the relevant Chapter 99 tariff codes companies must use when importing products subject to duties.

Links: Aluminum Notice (90 FR 11251) | Steel Notice (90 FR 11249)

On April 4, 2025, the Bureau of Industry and Security at the U.S. Department of Commerce published a notice in the Federal Register revising Annex I of Proclamation 10895 to include imports of beer and empty aluminum cans.

Links: Beer and Aluminum Can Notice (90 FR 14786)

On April 29, 2025, President Trump issued Executive Order 14289, which clarified that the steel and aluminum Section 232 duties would not "stack" or apply cumulatively with certain other duties. In brief: if a product is subject to Section 232 duties on automobiles, it will not also be subject to duties on goods from Canada or Mexico under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) targeting fentanyl imports ("IEEPA duties"), or Section 232 duties on steel and aluminum. If a product is subject to IEEPA duties, it will not also be subject to Section 232 duties on steel and aluminum. Products subject to Section 232 duties on steel can also be subject to Section 232 duties on aluminum, and vice-versa, provided the imported product satisfies the criteria for both.

However, all other duties, including Section 301 duties, AD/CVD duties, and standard duties listed on the HTSUS continue to apply concurrently with Section 232 duties.

Link: Executive Order 14289

On May 2, 2025, BIS published an interim final rule titled Adoption and Procedures of the Section 232 Steel and Aluminum Tariff Inclusions Process (90 FR 18780), which established the process by which US industry could request that products be added to the scope of articles subject to Section 232 duties (i.e., the "inclusions process"). BIS stated that it would open a two-week submissions window three times per year for eligible parties to submit requests that steel or aluminum products be added. BIS will issue its determinations on each request within 60 days from the filing date.

Link: Inclusions Interim Final Rule

On May 20, 2025, US Customs and Border Protection published Notice of Implementation of Addressing Certain Tariffs on Imported Articles Pursuant to the President's Executive Order 14289 (90 FR 21487), which implemented the President's April 29, 2025 guidance on "stacking" of tariffs.

Link: CBP's Tariff Stacking Federal Register Notice

On June 3, 2025, President Trump issued a presidential proclamation titled Adjusting Imports of Aluminum and Steel into the United States (Proclamation 10947), which increased the duty rate on imported steel, aluminum and derivative products from 25 percent to 50 percent, starting June 4, 2025. However, the duty rate for steel and aluminum products from the UK remains at 25 percent.

Link: Proclamation 10947

On June 16, 2025, BIS published a notice in the Federal Register titled Implementation of Duties on Steel Pursuant to Proclamation 10896 Adjusting Imports of Steel Into the United States (90 FR 25208). This notice implemented Proclamation 10947, and also added a number of appliances and appliance parts to the list of derivative steel products subject to duties, namely:

• combined refrigerator-freezers under HTSUS subheading 8418.10.00,
• small and large dryers under HTSUS subheadings 8451.21.00 and 8451.29.00,
• washing machines under HTSUS subheadings 8450.11.00 and 8450.20.00
• dishwashers under HTSUS subheading 8422.11.00,
• chest and upright freezers under HTSUS subheadings 8418.30.00 and 8418.40.00
• cooking stoves, ranges, and ovens under HTSUS subheading 8516.60.40,
• food waste disposals under HTSUS subheading 8509.80.20, and
• welded wire rack under statistical reporting number 9403.99.9020 (this product was already subject to duties as a derivative aluminum product).

Link: Proclamation 10896 Implementation Notice

On June 23, 2025, President Trump issued an executive order titled Implementing the General Terms of the United States of America-United Kingdom Economic Prosperity Deal (Executive Order 14309). This executive order directs that:

• Up to 100,000 vehicles per year may be imported from the UK at a reduced 10 percent tariff rate;
• Automotive parts from the UK for UK vehicles may also be imported at a reduced 10 percent tariff rate;
• Aerospace products from the UK will be exempted from the reciprocal tariffs and the Section 232 steel and aluminum tariffs; and
• Commerce will establish tariff-rate quotas for steel and aluminum articles and derivative products from the UK.

Link: Executive Order 14309